allogenic bone matrix

Post, to be fixed on two-part dental implants to hold a dental crown, a bar or any other attachment to

see: Platform switching.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion is cervical spine surgery from the front of the neck

Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation A technique for the treatment of large isolated cartilage defects. A small sample of cartilage is harvested

Treatment of an implant surface by acid in order to increase its surface area by subtraction.

Anterior cruciate ligament

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation

Treatment of an implant surface by addition of material, e. g. to increase the surface or build an interactive layer.

Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion ALIF is a procedure where surgeons work on the lower spine from the front and fuse

allogenic Being genetically different although belonging to or obtained from the same species.  

allogeneic Being genetically different although belonging to or obtained from the same species.

or allogenic graft. Graft tissue from genetically dissimilar members of the same species.

Synthetic, inorganic material. Alloplastic graft.

A nonbiologic material such as metal, ceramic, and plastic.

Anterior Lumbar Plate (for spine)

Al2O3 A metallic oxide Single crystal Polycrystal Used eg for dental implants, hip implants.

The most coronal portion of the alveolar process

A deficiency in the contour of the alveolar ridge. It can be vertical (apicocoronal) and/or horizontal (buccolingual,  mesiodistal)

The portion of bone surrounding and supporting the teeth. Also: Alveolar ridge, Residual ridge, Ridge.

AMIC® (Autologous Matrix-Induced Chondrogenesis) is a single step, cost efficient and effective technique for treating traumatic cartilage defects. Chondro-Gide® offers

Formation of new blood vessels

syn.: Angled abutment Dental implant abutment with a body not parallel with the long axis of the implant.

absence of iris  

annuloplasty is a surgical technique repairing heart valves

An anode is an electrode, where electrons leave the cell and oxidation occurs (“-“).

syn.: Schneiderian Membrane

Anatomy: Sinus (maxillaris), maxillary sinus, Antrum of Highmore see: Maxillary sinus

Anchor Peg Glenoid

The artificial kidney is not available yet. Researchers are working on it and the first implanted artificial kidney is expected

Decrease in size of a cell, organ, tissue or part.

Dental: Mechanical device used for the retention and stability of a dental prosthesis.

Maintaining, restoring or augmenting the volume of tissue with biomaterial, resorbable or non-resorbable.

In transplantation (and blood transfusion), when the donor and recipient are the same person.

Lacking blood vessels.

Aortic Valve Graft

Any force applied in the direction of the long axis of an implant.

Dental Removable partial or complete denture, supported by dental implants or implants and tissue. Dental implants are connected together with

Device helping to confine a grafted area. It can prevent movement of a graft and/or controls the growth of undesirable

Brain Controlled Bionic Ear

see: Biphasic tricalcium phosphate or: Basic Calcium Phosphate

Biphasic Calcium Sulphate (used by Regedent)

Bone to implant contact Direct contact of bone with an implant surface at the light microscope level.

The engagement of an implant at the two sides of a bone, being fixed in two cortical areas.

syn.: Absorbable Property of a material that degrades and dissolves in vivo. Its breakdown products are incorporated into normal physiologic

Designed to assist or modify a biological activity.

Absorbable alloplastic material composed of metal oxides: SiO2, Na2O and P2O5. It has the ability to form a chemical bond with

Capacity of a material to fulfil its function with an appropriate response for a specific application from the receiving host. Quality

see: biocompatibility

see: Biodegradation

Progressive alteration or breakdown of a material in a biological environment.

Progressive alteration of a material in a biological environment.

The quality of a biomaterial that satisfies those functional specifications for which it was designed.

Property of a material that elicits no host response.

The bonding of living tissue to the surface of a biomaterial or implant, which is independent of any mechanical interlocking

Dental The combined apicocoronal height of connective tissue and epithelial attachment. It exists around teeth as well as around dental

Products derived from living tissues (animal or vegetable).

A material intended to interface with the biological System to evaluate, treat, augment or replace tissue, organ or function of the

Scientific field that deals with the mechanical properties of any biomechanical device, device-tissue interface or the properties of tissues themselves.

Able to replicate or imitate a body structure (anatomy) and/or function (physiology).

The ability of an (autogenous) graft to dissolve physiologically.

Workable, non-resorbable glass ceramic out of the SiO2-Al2O3-MgO-Na2O-K2O-F-system by 3di GmbH. Crystal phase (ca. 60 %) with mainly phlogopit-crystals, embedded

Acro.: BCS biphasic calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) The medical use of Calcium Sulfate has the longest history in the augmentation

also: BCP Chemistry:  Mixture of two phases, hydroxyapatite, HA, and β-tricalcium phosphate. It is a ceramic. Preparation involves the sintering causing the

Dental Black space visible, if the papilla (soft tissue in between two teeth) is missing or does not totally fill

= Sacral Neuromodulation

Dental A laminar endosseous implant designed to be placed within the bone in a surgically prepared thin groove, especially in

Graft consisting of an autogenous block of bone, taken from a different site and usually fixed with screws.

Bone Morphogenetic Proteins are osteogenous and osteoinductive, as they induce differentiation of tissues. They induce bone building in every tissue.

Acronym: Basic multicellular unit.

The hard portion of the connective tissue that constitutes the majority of the skeleton. It consists of an inorganic component

There are different definitions, non of them with exact reliable data for clinical use: 1, Histological: The “density” is calculated

There are different classifications of bone density (quality) in oral implantology. Lekholm U, Zarb GA: Patient selection and preparation. In:

Surgical widening of bone to augment its volume. In oral implantology also: Ridge expansion (or splitting) to widen the residual

A surgical procedure performed to establish additional bone volume, using autogenous bone.

Soft spongy tissue found in the center of bone that contains fat and/or hematopoietic tissues.

A qualitative assessment of bone based on its density.

Alloplastic material used for bone grafting.

Bone-patellar tendon-bone (allograft)

Computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing Process for direct preparation of an object from computer-acquired or computer-generated data

Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3. It is medicinally used as a calcium supplement or as

Calcium phosphate is a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called

Calcium sulfate (or calcium sulphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula CaSO4 and related hydrates. One particular hydrate is

see: Distraction osteogenesis

The tissue that forms between and around fractured bone segments to maintain structural integrity and facilitate bone regeneration.

see: Distraction osteogenesis

Bone graft harvested from the superior portion of the cranium. It is most frequently taken from the parietal region, generally

At the cathode electrons enter the cell and reduction occurs (“+”).

The Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) is the branch of the FDA responsible for the premarket approval of

see CE-Marking

CE marking is a certification mark that indicates conformity with health, safety, and environmental protection standards for products sold within

In first-party certification, an individual or organization providing the good or service offers assurance that it meets certain claims. In

colony forming unit (stem cells)

A bone harvested from the facial aspect of the symphyseal area of the mandible, between the mental foramina, apical to

Carpometacarpal Joint

A substance applied to an implants surface.

A longitudinal study in which a group, the cohort, is chosen for the presence of a specific characteristic at or

Collagen is the main component of connective tissue. A molecule characterized by a triple helical structure and a high content

Bioabsorbable membrane made from collagen (mainly type I) with the following properties: tolerated by surrounding tissues, semi-permeable, hemostatic, chemotactic.

Combinations of different grafting materials.

Combinations of materials of biological or non-biological origins or both.

Surgical placement of implants using a computer guided system based on information generated from a high resolution computed tomography.

Connective tissue is a basic human tissue. There are many subdivisions. It is found in between other tissues.

The direct migration of bone-building cells through the clot matrix to the implant surface.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Form of ceramic from the calcium carbonate skeleton of coral. It is used as a grafting material.

Surgical technique in which only the bony cortex is surgically cut.

Commercially pure titanium

Comprehensive Platform Management Astigmatism

Dental The placement of a dental implant with the edge of the platform at the crest of the alveolar process.

Study that involves the observation of a defined population at a single point in time or time interval.

Dental The ratio of the (implant-)crown height to the length of the implant surrounded by bone.  

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy  (pacemaker)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators

A cruciate retaining knee implant leaves an intact posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) in the back of the knee to help

Computer tomography Connective tissue

Capsular Tension Ring For the stabilization of the capsular bag in the presence of weakened or compromised zonules. Possible benefits: • Circular

Measure of percentage of implant success over a period of time.

Measure of percentage of implant survival over a period of time.

Dental A custom component to wear a tooth-crown machined or cast to serve in a unique circumstance where prefabricated components

Dental An endosseous root-form press-fit implant, with parallel-sided walls.

see Polyethylene Terephtalate

Delayed auditory feedback

demineralized bone

demineralized bone graft

Demineralized bone matrix A composite of collagenous and noncollagenous proteins and bone growth factors remaining after the extraction of minerals

demineralized bone powder

Deep Brain Stimulation

Degenerative Disc Disease (source: Axiomed LLC)

Perforation or removal of the cortical bone to induce bleeding and release of bone forming cells from the marrow. This

Premature opening of a primary surgical tissue closure.

Refers to the time of applying force on an implant after initial placement. This term mostly is used in oral

ISO definition: A device designed to be placed surgically within or on the mandibular or maxillary bone to provide restistance

Syn.: connection, abutment connection, connection interface External external hexagon (“hex”) external indentation Internal internal hexagon internal octagon internal cone internal

Dental Threaded root-form implant. It can be parallel-sided or tapered.

Dental Implant designed to rest on the surface of bone, under the periosteum. It is customized, sometimes stabilized with screw(s).

Loss or removal of the surface oxide layer of a metal.

Tissue graft from a cadaver, which has undergone a process of de-epithelialization and de-cellularization leaving an immunologically inert avascular connective

demineralized freeze-dried bone

Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft Collagen (mainly type I) remaining following the demineralization of freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA).

double vision Lacking coordination of the two eyes results in two pictures. Can be after trauma, dislocation of the eyes

Dental An endosseous dental implant consisting of a plate, neck, and abutment inserted laterally into a edentulous alveolar process.

A gradual process of bone healing from the edge of an osteotomy toward an implant. Bone does not grow directly

An appliance that allows gradual incremental movement of bone segments away from each other (distraction osteogenesis).

Syn.: Osteodistraction, callus distraction, callotasis. Formation of new bone between vascular bone surfaces created by an osteotomy and separated by

Refers to: Distraction osteogenesis Biological and biomechanical variables that affect the quality and quantity of bone formed during distraction osteogenesis.

Refers to: Distraction osteogenesis The sequence and duration of events during distraction osteogenesis.

Refers to: Distraction osteogenesis The total amount of distraction performed per day

Refers to: Distraction osteogenesis The number of increments per day into which the rate of distraction osteogenesis is divided.

Refers to: Distraction osteogenesis The final direction and magnitude of traction forces during distraction osteogenesis.

see: Distraction device

Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty DMEK is a partial-thickness cornea transplant procedure that involves selective removal of the patient’s Descemet membrane

Area of the body from which a graft is harvested. This can be skin, mucosa, connective tissue, and bone.

demineralized perforated bone matrix

Distal Radioulnar Joint

Direct Vertebral Rotation

Refers to the time of applying force on an implant after initial placement. This term mostly is used in oral

Extracorporal Life Support System

Extracellular Matrix

An electrode is an electrical conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e.g. a human

Dental The part of the axial contour a crown, that extends from the base of the sulcus past the free

Enamel matrix derivative Sterile protein aggregate from enamel matrix, amelogenin, the precursor of enamel from developing teeth. The proteins are

Syn.: Endodontic pin, endodontic stabilizer. A pin placed into a dental root canal and extending beyond the apex, into the

Embolic Protection System

see: mucosal insert

Dental Device that receives its primary bone support by means of resting upon bone. see: Subperiosteal implant.

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene Expanded PTFE is stretched to allow fluid passage but not cells, used as a nonresorbable membrane in guided

End-Stage Renal Disease

Endovascular Aneurysm Repair

Removing an implant.

The dehiscence of soft tissue exposing an implanted material.

Dental One kind of a connection interface of the platform of a dental two-piece implant extending coronally. It prevents rotation

The percentage of failures in a study or clinical trial, of a procedure or a device (e. g. implant), which

Fibrin Assisted Soft Tissue Promotion

Progressive weakening of a structure by accumulating embrittlement and crack formation/propagation.

A structural failure caused by multiple loading episodes when all loads lie below the structure´s ultimate strength.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or USFDA) is a federal agency of the United States Department of Health and

FDA approved requests are for items that are new or substantially different and need to demonstrate “safety and efficacy”.

FDA clearance requests are for medical devices that prove they are “substantially equivalent” to the predicate devices already on the

Freeze-dried bone allograft Bone harvested from donor cadavers, washed, immersed in ethanol, frozen in nitrogen, freeze-dried and ground to similar

Finite element analysis

free from infection

Cell found within the connective tissue that is responsible for the synthesis of collagen fibers and the ground substance of

Layer of fibrous connective tissue between the implant and surrounding bone.

A numerical method for solving problems of engineering and mathematical physics. Software technique used to study stresses and strains on

Screw used for the stabilization of a block graft, bone substitue or a barrier membrane.

Dental A restoration that is not removable by the patient. The restoration may be partial arch (FPD: Fixed partial denture),

Dental Prosthesis fixed to an implant or implants, only removable by the dentists.

Dental Root-form implant

Dental Surgical technique where no soft tissue flaps are raised or a circular piece of tissue is removed for implant

State of retention of an implant at the time of insertion that results from slight compression of the osteotomy walls

Dental see: Occlusal loading

Guided bone regeneration Bone regenerative technique that uses physical means (e. g. membranes) to seal off an anatomic site where

Gesellschaft bürgerlichen Rechts

Material or tissue used for implantation or transplantation.

Delivery to an implant surface of high velocity stream of abrasive particles propelled by compressed air, designed to increase surface

Any highly specific protein that stimulates the division and differentiation of particular types of cells.

Guided tissue regeneration. A dental surgical procedure using barrier membranes to direct the growth of new tissue.

Round-shaped drill used to mark the site of an osteotomy by making an initial entry into cortical bone.

GBR is the reformation of bone. This may be induced within a bony structure by a packing material or in

GTR The formation of a new tissue, including bone, under the guidance of a biomaterial, impermeable to cellular migration.

The method of hot isostatic postcompaction is used today as a standard for improving characteristics relevant to fracture mechanics in

see: Hydroxyapatite

Dental An abutment that connects to a dental implant and protrudes through the soft tissue. It is used to form

Syn.: Healing by primary intention, primary closure. Healing of a wound in which the edges are closely re-approximated. Union or

Syn.: Healing by secondary intention, secondary closure. Healing of a wound in which a gap is left between its edges.

Mechanical heart valves and tissue heart valves are used as implants. anatomy The heart has two chambers, each having two

Thrombocytes stop bleeding. They aggregate at the contact with collagen and the proteins from the implant surface and close the

see: Xenograft

see: Xenograft

xenogenous Tissue grafts, when donor and recipient belong to different species. A heterologous transplant means ‘between species’ or ‘from one

also: Kassebaum-Kennedy Act An Act To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to improve portability and continuity of health

The quantitative study of the microscopic organization and structure of a tissue (e. g. bone), especially by computer-assisted analysis of

A dental root-form implant with an internal channel penetrating the implant body from/at its apical aspect.

see: Homologous graft

A graft taken from one human subject and transplanted into another. Syn.: Homograft, homogenous graft.

The local or systemic response of the host organism to an implanted material or device.

see: Recipient site.

HU A unit of y-ray attenuation used for CT-scans as a measurement of bone density. Each pixel is assigned a

Human pluripotent stem cells

High Tibial Osteotomy

see: Hounsfield Units

Dental An endosseous, root-form implant, with different surface textures at different levels.

also Hydroxylapatite, HA   physical Naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite. Pure hydroxylapatite (HA) powder is white. Naturally occurring apatites

Dental Component inserted over a prosthetic abutment. Its function is to prevent debris and calculus from invading the internal portion

= interbody (in spine)

Interbody Fusion Device (in spine)

Implantable cardial defibrillator also for Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator Impulse control disorder International Classification of Diseases International List of Causes of Death

Insulin-like growth factors

Implantable Loop Recorder   The ILR monitors the electrical activity of the heart.

Dental A clinical protocol for the placement and application of force on dental implants, with a fixed or removable restoration

Dental Placement of a dental implant at the time of tooth extraction, into the extraction socket.

To load an (dental) implant right after placing it in the bone.

Dental A clinical protocol for the placement of dental implants in a partially edentulous arch, with a fixed or removable

see: Immediate nonfunctional loading

see: Immediate functional loading

Dental A clinical protocol for the placement of an interim prosthesis with or without occlusal contact with the opposing dentition,

see: Immediate provisionalization

see: Immediate provisionalization

The area of contact between tissues (e. g. bone, connective tissue) and the implant surface

Dental Syn.: Prosthetic table, restorative platform, seating surface. Refers to the coronal aspect of an implant to which abutments, components,

ISQ Measure of implant stability (from 1 to 100, 100 being the highest degree of stability) obtained from resonance frequency

Outside of the living organism or natural system. Usually refers to artificial experimental systems such as cultures or cell-free extras.

Within the living organism or natural system.

The degree of tightness of an implant immediately after placement in the prepared osteotomy. An implant is considered to have

The torque value used to insert a screw-shaped implant into an osteotomy, expressed in Newtons centimeter.

IGF Peptides that behave similarly to insulin and stimulate cell proliferation.

Dental A prosthetic connection interface internal to the dental implant platform, e. g. internal hexagon or Morse taper connection.

Dental A hexagonal connection interface of the platform of a dental implant within its coronal aspect. It prevents rotation of

Intraocular Lens

Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation

International Organization of Standardization ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (ISO member

ISO develops International Standards, such as ISO 9001, but is not involved in their certification, and does not issue certificates. Certificates are

see: Isologous graft.

A transplant between twins.

A tissue graft transplanted from one genetically identical individual to another, as in monozygotic twins. Syn.: Isogeneic graft, isologous graft,

Surface texture of an implant that are randomly distributed, so the surface is identical in all directions.

Implant stability quotient

Force attempting to disengage parts joined by a screw.

joint

Kaplan-Meier estimate is one of the best options to be used to measure the fraction of subjects living for a

Light Adjustable Lens

Application of a laser beam to selectively ablate a material from a surface (e. g. surface)

Syn.: Secondary implant failure Failure of an implant after integration has been established. This maybe due to overload or periimplantitis.

pacemaker without cable electrodes (e.g. MICRA™-TPS-System, Nanostim™-Device)

Statistical method to describe the survival (e. g. implants) in a sample. The distribution of survival times is divided into

Lateral Lumbal Interbody Fusion

A locator is used as abutment on dental implants to fix a denture as a snap-on. There may be used

A study in which observations on the same subjects are made at two or more different points in time.

Syn.: Turned surface An implant surface that results from the milling process of a cylindrical titanium rod. The scratches of

Syn.: Transmandibular implant. An dental transosseous implant in which a plate is fixed at the inferior border of the mandible.

This guidance represents the current thinking of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA or Agency) on this topic. It does

A biomaterial, resorbable or non-resorbable, surgically placed to restore lost bony substance.

A biomaterial, resorbable or non-resorbable, placed surgically on the surface of a bone, with or without loss of tissue, to obtain selective or

An intricate network of natural or synthetic fibers that aids in the reinforcement and development of tissues by supplying a

Syn.: Antrum, Maxillary antrum, Antrum of Highmore Air cavity in the body of the maxilla that is lined by the

Metacarpophalangeal joint

Monocalcium Phosphate Monohydrate

(arithmetic) Measure of central tendency that is calculated by adding all the individual values in the group and dividing by

durability Mechanical heart valves can last indefinitely (tested over 50,000 years in an accelerated tester) types Caged-ball valve Tilting-disc valves

Measure of central tendency. It is the middle score in a distribution or set of ranked scores. When the number

ISO: A medical device is a product, such as an instrument, machine, implant or in vitro reagent, that is intended for

Dental The part of a dental reconstruction, that couples the implant complex (infrastructure) to the suprastructure.

A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies measuring specified protocol criteria (usually drawn from the published literature)

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Minimally Invasive Surgery

Minimally Invasive Spine (port system or access)

Ratio of stress over strain., when the deformation is elastic. It is a measure of stiffness or flexibility of a

Dental An internal connection interface consisting of a converging circular surface, which forms a mechanical locking friction-fit. Also known as

Mesenchyymal Stem Cell

metatarsophalangeal

see: Oral mucosa

Syn.: Button implant, epithelial implant, intramucosal insert, mucosal implant. Mushroom-shaped device fastened to the tissue surface of a removable denture

Refers to forces applied off the implant long-axis.

Products made from primary materials of inorganic origin (mineral or synthetic).

Dental The restoration is not in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition in maximal intercuspal position or in excursions. also:

Property of a material, that does not degrade over time.

Dental See: One-stage implant

A notified body is an independent, third party, accredited body which is entitled by an authorized accrediting body. Upon definition

Osteochondral

Dental The restoration is in occlusal contact with the opposing dentition in maximal intercuspal position and/or excursions

Occipito-cervico-thoracic

Less bleeding risk than other mechanical aortic heart valves, because of the lower amount of blood thinner required. results Hideki

see: One-piece implant

Dental An abutment that connects into the implant without the use of an additional screw. The abutment can be retained

Dental The implant in which the endosseous and transmucosal portions consist of one unit which presents a surface without a

Dental Syn.: Nonsubmergible implant, single-stage implant. An endosseous dental implant designed to be placed following a one-stage surgery protocol. The

Augmentation by placing autogenous bone and/or a bone replacement graft on or over bone to increase length and/or width.

Epithelial lining of the oral cavity continuous with the skin of the lips and mucosa of the soft palate and

Dental Any implant used during orthodontic treatment as anchorage for orthodontic tooth movement.

The term refers to the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing (Albrektsson

A fully differentiated cell that originates in the embryonic mesenchyme and, during the early development of the skeleton, functions in

Large multinucleated cell, arising from mononuclear precursor of the hematopoietic lineage, that functions in the breakdown and resorption of osseous

Osteoconduction occurs when the bone graft material serves as a scaffold for new bone growth that is perpetuated by the

An osteoblast that has become embedded within the bone matrix, occupying a flat oval cavity (bone lacuna). Cells found in

see: Distraction osteogenesis

Osteoinduction involves the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to differentiate into osteoblasts that then begin new bone formation. The most widely

De novo production of bone out of pluripotent reserve cells (stem cells), they are present in perivascular tissue and bone

Osteolysis is an active resorption of bone matrix by osteoclasts. Although osteoclasts are active during the natural formation of healthy

An undifferentiated cell that possesses the ability to transform into a bone forming cell.

Osteopromotion involves the enhancement of osteoinduction without the possession of osteoinductive properties. For example, enamel matrix derivative has been shown

Any surgical procedure in which bone is transected or cut.

Dental Removable partial or complete denture, which may be implant-supported or implant-tissue-supported. The prosthesis is retained by attachments.

Modification of the surface oxide properties of titanium implants by alteration of the oxide layer thickness.

Probability that a test statistic will assume a value as extreme as or more extreme than that seen under the

Dental Mainly an orthodontic implant. Also used as additional implant in special situations.

Dental Syn.: Parallel-walled implant, straight implant. An endosseous, root-form dental implant, with the body of the implant having the same

Dental see: Parallel-sided implant

Graft consisting of particles.

A process by which metals (e.g. titanium) and alloys are made more resistant to corrosion through treatment to produce a

Fit that does not induce strain between two or more implants.

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell

Posterior Cervical Fusion The PCF technique joins the bones in the back of the cervical spine together.

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

Platelet-derived growth factors